السنة الثالثة ليسانس إلكترونيك

Teaching Objectives:
To introduce students to other major functions of electronics.
This course, together with Electronics Functions (Semester 5) and Fundamental Electronics 2 (Semester
4), forms a unified body of knowledge whose overall content enables the student to analyze the operation
of an analog electronic system—no matter how complex—simply by examining its detailed schematic
diagram as provided in the manufacturer's documentation.

Prerequisites:
Fundamental Electronics 1 and 2, Electronics Functions.
The number of weeks indicated is given for guidance only. The course instructor is not strictly required to
follow this exact distribution or chapter organization.
Chapter 1: Definitions and Characteristics of Pulses (1 Week)
Different types of signals: square, rectangular, ramp, triangular, sawtooth, etc.
Definitions: amplitude, peak, period, AC signal, DC signal, etc.
Positive pulse, negative pulse, duty cycle, pulse train, characteristic times of a pulse, etc.
Chapter 2: RC Switching Circuits (1 Week)
Charging and discharging of a capacitor, general expression of charge and discharge, voltage waveforms
in an RC circuit.
Chapter 3: Active Components in Switching (1 Week)
Diode switching, diffusion charge, transition charge, transistor switching, cutoff mode, saturation mode,
equivalent circuit of a transistor in switching operation.
Chapter 4: Wave-Shaping Circuits (2 Weeks)
Diode clipping circuits, peak detector circuits, operational amplifiers in nonlinear operation:
 Single-threshold comparator
 Comparator with hysteresis
 Schmitt trigger using an operational amplifier
 Schmitt trigger using logic gates
 Schmitt trigger based on the NE555 timer

Chapter 5: A/D and D/A Converters (4 Weeks)
Introduction to signal digitization, analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), principle of A/D conversion,
characteristics of an ADC.
Study of ADC examples:
 Single-slope and dual-slope integrator converters
 Successive approximation converter
 Flash converter
Specifications: conversion range, resolution, conversion speed.
Errors: quantization error, gain error, offset error, linearity error, accuracy.
Sample-and-hold circuit: operating principle, droop rate, selection criteria for sample-and-hold circuits.
Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC): principle of D/A conversion, study of DAC examples:
 Weighted-resistor converters
 R/2R ladder network converters
Specifications: conversion range, settling time.
Errors: integral nonlinearity, differential nonlinearity, offset.
Chapter 6: Two-State Circuits – Multivibrators (3 Weeks)
 Bistable circuit: transistor-based and op-amp-based
 Monostable circuit: transistor-based and op-amp-based
 Astable circuit: transistor-based and op-amp-based
 Integrated monostable circuit: symbol and timing diagram
 Retriggerable and non-retriggerable monostables
Chapter 7: Function Generators (3 Weeks)
Ramp generators: constant current generator, Miller integrator, constant current ramp generator,
integrated signal generators.
Principle of generating:
 Sawtooth signals
 Triangular signals
 Triangle-to-sine conversion
Generation of square, rectangular, pulse, and double-pulse signals using practical circuits based on
integrated circuits such as NE555, SN74121, SN74122, SN74123, and logic gates.